deficiency disease       
noun [ C ] uk/dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si dɪˌziːz/ us/dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si dɪˌziːz/
 营养缺乏症
a disease caused by not eating enough of particular types of food that are necessary for good health
  deficiency diseases, for example scurvy 诸如坏血病之类的营养缺乏症