optical density       
noun [ U or C usually singular ]  physics specialized uk/ˌɒp.tɪ.kəl ˈden.sɪ.ti/ us/ˌɑːp.tɪ.kəl ˈden.sə.t̬i/ (abbreviation OD)
 光密度
the degree to which an object or material reduces the intensity of light passing through it
  The slower that light is able to travel through a given medium, the higher the optical density of the medium. 光在特定介质中传播的速度越慢,介质的光密度越高。 
 The area and average optical density of each fibre is measured. 测量每根光纤的面积和平均光密度。 
 - More examples
 - A microdensitometer was used which measured the optical density of the films.
 - The opalescence arises when rays of light strike thin films having an optical density differing from that of the main mass.
 - The optical density of the batch culture was determined using a spectrophotometer.