pass laws
noun [ plural ] uk/ˈpɑːs ˌlɔːz/ us/ˈpæs ˌlɔːz/
（尤指南非在种族隔离时期推行的）通行证法
laws controlling where people can live, work, and travel inside a country, used especially in the past under the system of apartheid (= racial separation) in South Africa
Introduced in 1923, the pass laws were designed by the South African government to prevent freedom of movement of non-whites. 通行证法是南非政府于1923年推出的，目的是限制非白人的行动自由。
Critics have described ID cards as the modern equivalent of "pass laws". 批评者认为身份证相当于现代的 "通行证法"。
- More examples
- In the 1950s pass laws were extended to African women as well as men.
- It was under Botha's leadership that the South African state abolished the pass laws which restricted the movement of Africans in the country.
- He compares the proposal to introduce ID cards with South Africa's infamous pass laws under apartheid.